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- <text id=91TT2105>
- <title>
- Sep. 23, 1991: It Happens in the Best Circles
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Sep. 23, 1991 Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 59
- It Happens in the Best Circles
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A pair of British artists claim they are the hoaxers behind those
- mystifying and intriguing crop patterns
- </p>
- <p>By Leon Jaroff--Reported by Anne Constable/London
- </p>
- <p> This is without doubt the most wonderful moment of my
- research," marveled retired engineer Pat Delgado last week, as
- he stood in a wheat field near Sevenoaks, in the British county
- of Kent. "No human could have done this."
- </p>
- <p> Delgado was gazing at a large area where the crops had
- been mysteriously flattened in a remarkable pattern. A large,
- nearly perfect circle of plants had been bent down in a
- clockwise direction. Extending from the circle were other
- shapes: antennae, a ladder-like strip and a semicircle.
- </p>
- <p> The Sevenoaks phenomenon is the latest of hundreds of
- circular patterns that have appeared in the grainfields of
- southern England and, in lesser numbers, in the fields of 20
- other countries during the past 13 years. And it seemed perfect
- fodder for Delgado, who now makes a career of investigating and
- writing about the circles. He has suggested that the circular
- patterns are created by a "superior intelligence"--most likely
- extraterrestrial--and has co-authored a book called Circular
- Evidence with another believer, Colin Andrews. It has sold more
- than 50,000 copies.
- </p>
- <p> Delgado's exultation was soon cut short. Graham Brough, a
- reporter from the London tabloid Today who had alerted Delgado
- to the latest apparition, introduced him to two landscape
- painters, David Chorley, 62, and Douglas Bower, 67. They had
- created the Sevenoaks circle while Brough looked on. Moreover,
- the duo revealed that for the past 13 years they have been
- sneaking around southern England at night, fashioning as many
- as 25 to 30 new circles each growing season. Their efforts
- apparently inspired copycats, who in the past decade have used
- a variety of techniques to shape hundreds of crop circles both
- in Britain and abroad. Said Bower to Delgado: "I'm afraid we've
- been having you on."
- </p>
- <p> Delgado was crestfallen. "We have all been conned," he
- admitted. "If everything you say is true, I'll look the fool."
- Indeed.
- </p>
- <p> The admission brought an end to one of the most popular
- mysteries Britain--and the world--has witnessed in years.
- Flying saucers, out of vogue for some time, were given new life
- by the whorls. Saucer enthusiasts argued that the cropland
- patterns marked the landing spots of UFOs bearing visitors from
- space. Believers in the paranormal claimed the circles radiated
- mysterious energy forces. The patterns spawned a kind of
- intellectual cottage industry: no fewer than 35 Britons claim
- to be experts on the phenomenon.
- </p>
- <p> A new scientific discipline, cereology, emerged. It is
- practiced by members of the Circles Effect Research Unit, a
- privately funded group headed by Wiltshire-based physicist
- Terence Meaden. The group argued that a still unverified weather
- phenomenon is often responsible for the weird damage. It occurs,
- Meaden says, when whirling columns of air pick up electrically
- charged matter, flatten the crops below and produce the bright
- lights observers say they have seen above the circles.
- </p>
- <p> Not to be outdone, a team of Japanese scientists, led by
- physicist Yoshi-Hiko Oh tsuki, had joined the hunt for an
- explanation. Ohtsuki believes a form of ball lightning generated
- by microwaves in the atmosphere flattened the crops; he created
- croplike circular patterns both in the laboratory and on a
- computer programmed to simulate ball lightning. Impressed by
- Ohtsuki's work, the authoritative British journal Nature
- published his report, leading the usually judicious Economist
- to suggest that the mystery might have been solved.
- </p>
- <p> The hoaxers' technique required no meteorological effects
- and only rudimentary physics. After making a scale drawing of
- the intended pattern, Chorley and Bower proceeded to the
- wheatfield with their equipment: a 4-ft.-long wooden plank, a
- ball of string and a baseball cap with wire threaded through the
- visor as a sighting device. At the center of the intended site,
- Bower held one end of the string. The other end was attached to
- the plank, held horizontally at knee level by Chorley as he
- circled around Bower, pushing the grain gently forward. "The
- heavy heads of the wheat tend to keep it down," he explained.
- </p>
- <p> Chorley and Bower say they conceived their hoax in 1978,
- while sitting in a pub near Cheesefoot Head "wondering what we
- could do for a bit of a laugh." Inspired by reports of
- flying-saucer sightings, and recalling crop circles created with
- tractors by Australian farmers several years earlier, they
- decided to flatten some corn to make it appear that a UFO had
- landed. To their chagrin, this and other forays during the next
- three years went unnoticed. But one of their circles was spotted
- in 1981, reported in the press and promptly attributed to
- extraterrestrials. "We laughed so much that time," recalls
- Chorley, "we had to stop the car because Doug was in stitches
- so much he couldn't drive." It was only after circle enthusiasts
- began seeking government funding that the two jovial con men
- decided to admit to the hoax.
- </p>
- <p> Recovering from their initial shock, Delgado and other
- circle specialists are hastily regrouping. "These two gents may
- have hoaxed some of the circles," Delgado now says, "but the
- phenomenon is still there, and we will carry on research." In
- his quest, Delgado will have the moral support of untold
- millions. UFOlogist Joan Creighton of Flying Saucer Review
- explains why: "We all have an inner sense that there is a
- mystery behind the universe. We like mysteries. It's great fun."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-